• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the manufacture of non-structural light concretes made with polyurethane pellet waste from the process of recycling refrigerating appliances. The manufacturing process consists of totally or partially replacing the concrete aggregates with these polyurethane pellets (PUR-pellets). The concretes are obtained by mixing cement and water with only PUR-pellet, or mixtures of PUR-pellet and other natural and/or artificial aggregates. The tests and tests carried out show that these concretes obtained by incorporation of polyurethane pellet waste (PUR-pellet) have a better thermal insulation behavior and a lower density. These concretes could be used to obtain prefabricated masonry pieces and in the execution of constructive solutions that take advantage of their benefits in the field of building. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2683082A1
    申请号:ES201700233
    申请日:2017-03-16
    公开日:2018-09-24
    发明作者:Eduardo GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ
    申请人:Universidad de La Laguna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1 DESCRIPTION
    Non-structural concrete made from polyurethane pellet residues from the refrigerator recycling process. Technical sector
    The present invention is part of the field of construction materials, specifically in the area of prefabricated non-structural concrete for sustainable and eco-efficient construction. Background of the invention
    Lapilli, known as picón in the Canary Islands, is an arid of an extremely low density volcanic nature that is widely used in the Canary Islands for the production of non-structural light concrete. One of the most prominent uses of this concrete with lapilli aggregates is the manufacture of masonry pieces in the form of picon blocks used for the execution of partitions and vertical enclosures and in the form of vaults and picket shells for lightening slabs. At present, the extraction of picón is an activity that supposes an enormous landscape and environmental deterioration that is aggravated in territories as sensitive as the insular ones. Consequently, the use of this aggregate in a generalized manner has resulted in its progressive depletion as a natural resource.
    The interest of this invention arises from the need to look for sustainable solutions that allow the use of residual materials as a substitute for natural aggregate in the production of non-structural light concrete. Therefore, the recovery of a waste consisting of polyurethane PELLET (PUR-pellet) from the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is proposed as an aggregate in the design of a lightweight non-structural and eco-efficient concrete, which contributes to the Concrete a significant improvement in its thermal insulation performance.
    This approach contributes to the fulfillment of the objectives established in Spanish legislation (Royal Decree 208/2005, of 25 February, on electrical and electronic equipment and waste management) and European (Directive 2002/96 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated January 27, 2003, on waste electrical or electronic equipment), which establishes the search for recovery systems for the conservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, and prudent and rational use of natural resources.
    The specialized literature includes several works that seek sustainable solutions that allow the use of other plastics of different origin and format as aggregates in the production of concrete. Saikia, N., & de Brito, J. (2012) “Use of plastic waste as aggregate in cement mortar and concrete preparation: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 385-401 "and Siddique, R., Khatib, J., & Kaur, I. (2008)" Use of recycled plastic in concrete: a review. Waste Management (New York, NY), 28 (10), 1835-52 "carry out a literature review that includes more than 15 works related to the use of different plastic waste as a component of concrete. The plastics used for this purpose are of diverse nature and origin: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, container plastic (80% polyethylene and 20% polystyrene), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, recycled melanin, PET and polycarbonate blends from industrial waste and expanded polystyrene foam from the recycling of packaging among others.
    image2
    With reference to non-structural lightweight concrete made of polyurethane, all work includes the use of polyurethane foam obtained in situ or from rigid foam residues that must be crushed beforehand.
    Verdolotti, L., Di Maio, E., Lavorgna, M., Iannace, S., & Nicolais, L. (2008) "Polyurethanecement-based foams: Characterization and potential uses. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107 (1) , 1-8 "have the characterization of a material obtained with foamed polyurethane in situ with different dosages of cement and water.
    Mounanga, P., Gbongbon, W., Poullain. P., & Turcry, P. (2008) “Proportioning and characterization of lightweight concrete mixtures made with rigid polyurethane foam wastes. Cement and Concrete Composites, 30 (9) "work with polyurethane foam from waste from building insulating panels replacing different proportions of limestone.
    Gadea, J., Rodríguez, A., Campos, P. L., Garabito, J., & Calderón, V. (2010) “Lightweight mortar made with recycled polyurethane foam. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32 (9), 672677 "use polyurethane foam as an aggregate from the destruction of panels used in the automobile industry, replacing percentages of river sand.
    No reference has been found in which this compressed polyurethane residue in the form of PELLET is used for the preparation of non-structural light concrete. This PUR-pellet residue is obtained after the recycling treatment of refrigeration appliances. This treatment is carried out in two phases. In a first phase, some components of the refrigerators are extracted such as cables, trays, lubricating oil and gases from the refrigeration circuit, and later in the second phase, the rest of the apparatus is crushed under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen. Through this process, a mixture of waste of a different nature is obtained that is separated to receive, each of them, its corresponding discharge or recovery treatment. Among them is a thick fraction of polyurethane that undergoes a pelletizing process by passing it through a perforated sheet that forms it as pellets with an approximate diameter of 5 mm. The height of the pellet coming out of the perforated sheet is adjusted by the frequency of passage of a cutter and generally ranges between 5 and 8 mm. The pelletizing process described above facilitates the release, collection and storage of the gases contained in the foams initially present in the insulation of the refrigerator. Explanation of the invention.
    The invention relates to the manufacture of non-structural concrete by totally or partially replacing aggregates with polyurethane PELLET (PUR-pellet). Polyurethane pellets are incorporated to obtain this concrete as they result after WEEE treatment. Its granulometry is not modified or subsequent treatment is carried out before its incorporation as a concrete component. The PUR-pellet obtained from WEEE has an approximately cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 5 mm and a height between 4 mm and 8 mm. The granulometric distribution is that indicated in Table 1. Almost 95% of the PURpellet residue corresponds to the 4/8 granulometric fraction.
    image3
    The density after drying in the oven of the particles (ρrd) was determined by the pycnometer method (UNE-EN 1097-6: 2014) which considers in its determination the volume of the particles including the inaccessible and water-accessible holes . The density ρrd of the PUR-pellet was 832 kg / m3. This density is much lower than the ρrd of the picon, with a value of
    1,753 kg / m3. As a test, it is experimentally observed that at the time of introducing the PUR pellets in distilled water they float and sink when they are introduced in 2propanol with a density of 787 kg / m3.
    The manufacturing process for this new lightweight concrete consists of mixing cement and water with only PUR-pellet, or mixtures of PUR-pellet and other natural and / or artificial aggregates. For this, it must be dry mixed: cement, PUR-pellet and other aggregates, where appropriate, in a planetary mixer for approximately 1 minute. After that time the amount of water established in the water / cement ratio is added, and kneading is continued until homogeneity is observed in the fresh mixture.
    From the tests and tests carried out, the following properties are deduced in light concrete that incorporate PUR-pellet as aggregate in its composition:
    - Low density of concretes made with PUR pellets. This supposes reduction of weight supposes an interest like pieces of masonry in the form of blocks and nonstructural vaults when diminishing the own overload of other prefabricated ones on the structures of the building. The determined density values show that there is a linear correlation between the density of the concrete and the amount of cement used in its dosage. The coefficient of determination (R2) values are equal to or greater than 0.9 except for mixtures with 75% PUR that are 0.7. The density of concretes made with PUR ranges from approximately
    1,000 and 1,150 kg / m3. For the same ratio a / c and amount of cement, this density is 13% lower than those made with picon whose density varies between 1,100 and 1,500 kg / m3.
    - Improvement of thermal insulation. The tests carried out show that the incorporation of polyurethane pellet residues makes it possible to improve the thermal conductivity value between 64% (100% PUR-pellet) and 38% (25% PUR-pellet) with respect to processed commercial concrete used 100% lapilli (picon)
    - Mechanical resistance. Compressive strength values are achieved in a standard cylindrical specimen of the order of 3.5 MPa or higher with concretes made with only PUR containing at least 400 kg of cement. This resistance value provides a reference to assess a possible application in the form of masonry pieces because it is the value obtained in the control sample of commercial concrete made with picon and used for the manufacture of blocks. With a replacement of 25% by weight of picón by PUR, concretes are achieved that reach the value of 3.5 MPa from cement dosages of 350 kg.
    image4
    image5
    image6 Brief description of the drawings
    Not applicable 5 Preferred embodiment of the invention
    In the preparation of the test mixtures of this concrete, a cement was used with the addition of CEM 1V / B (P) 32.5N natural pozzolan and dosages grouped in two series whose composition varies according to the type, proportion of aggregate and amount of cement used in the
    10 mix For these tests, we worked with two water / cement ratios (a / c): 0.63 and 0.83, although this a / c ratio could be modified depending on the desired consistency.
    Table 2. Dosage values, density (de28d) and compressive strength (Re28d) after 28 days of concretes made with PUR-pellet and mixtures of PUR-pellet and picon.
    fifteen
    image7
    For mixtures with 100% PUR-pellet, an average thermal conductivity of λ = 0.16 W / m.K was obtained, which increases to a value of λ = 0.27 W / m.K for concretes with 25%
    20 in PUR-pellet and 75% in picón. These thermal conductivity values are lower than those presented by commercial concrete mixtures containing only picon as aggregate (λ = 0.44 W / m.K).
    Concrete incorporating PUR-pellet could be used in the manufacture of parts
    25 concrete masonry. These pieces could comply with the thermal insulation of the building envelope using lower thicknesses and therefore increasing the useful surface of the house.
    It could also be dumped in bulk and used as insulating material executed in situ
    30 on horizontal elements or confining it in vertical elements so that it contributes to the constructive solution its insulating capacity with a reduced weight gain due to its low density.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    image 1
    image2
    image3
    1. The partial or total replacement of aggregates of a concrete with polyurethane pellet (PUR
    pellet) from the recycling treatment of refrigeration appliances in order to improve their 5 performance.
    [2]
    2. The use of concretes made with partial or total incorporation of polyurethane pellets (PUR-pellets) from the recycling treatment of refrigeration devices for the manufacture of masonry pieces and the implementation of construction solutions for their construction.
    10 employment in building.
    6
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2683082B1|2019-04-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4407676A|1981-11-25|1983-10-04|Restrepo Jose M|Fiber-reinforced cement and process|
    ES2128843T3|1995-03-24|1999-05-16|Wilfried Blocken|INSULATING MORTAR.|
    WO2003078518A1|2002-03-16|2003-09-25|Thomas Clarke|A method and apparatus for the processing and disposal of foam containing an ozone depleting substance|
    WO2009049561A2|2007-09-17|2009-04-23|D & Daxner Technology S.R.O.|Heat insulation plaster|
    CN101921091A|2010-06-29|2010-12-22|上海大学|Method for preparing thermal-insulation material for dry powder from waste polyurethane foamed plastics|
    法律状态:
    2018-09-24| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2683082 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20180924 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700233A|ES2683082B1|2017-03-16|2017-03-16|Non-structural concrete made with polyurethane pellet waste from the refrigerators recycling process.|ES201700233A| ES2683082B1|2017-03-16|2017-03-16|Non-structural concrete made with polyurethane pellet waste from the refrigerators recycling process.|
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